When Bullying Becomes a Health Crisis: Psychological & Medical Realities

When Bullying Becomes a Health Crisis: Psychological & Medical Realities


Updated: November 22, 2025, • Reading time: 8 min
Bullying in schools is not just a behavioral issue — it is a serious health crisis. The emotional suffering of students, the physiological stress responses, and long‑term health risks make this a public‑health concern. Teachers are often caring and empathetic but feel constrained by policy, parental pushback, and limited resources.

Real‑World Impact: The Human Cost

Recent tragic cases across India highlight the urgency: children and adolescents who repeatedly sought help but still faced relentless humiliation or harassment — sometimes with fatal outcomes. These events must be read as mental‑health emergencies, not mere discipline problems.

Example summaries (reported cases):
  • A 9‑year‑old girl in Jaipur reportedly sought a teacher’s help multiple times shortly before she died by suicide.
  • A 14‑year‑old student in Kerala allegedly faced repeated ragging and humiliation before ending his life.
  • A 16‑year‑old Class 10 student in Delhi left a note accusing teachers of "targeted harassment" before taking his life.

The Psychological & Physical Toll of Bullying

Mental Health Consequences

Children who are bullied commonly experience intense anxiety, depressive symptoms, lowered self‑esteem, and trauma responses such as withdrawal or emotional numbing. In prolonged cases, sustained bullying can lead to suicidal ideation or self‑harm.

Physical & Physiological Effects

Psychological stress from bullying affects the body: dysregulation of stress systems (for example, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis) and altered cortisol patterns have been observed in victimized children. Over time, this repeated physiological burden contributes to low‑grade inflammation and increased long‑term health risk.

Somatic Complaints

Victims often present with real physical symptoms — headaches, stomachaches, fatigue — even when no clear organic cause is found. These somatic signs are a physical expression of emotional distress and deserve medical attention and validation.

Two Contrasting Profiles: Victim vs. Bully

The Victim

  • Internalizes emotional pain — anxiety, low self‑esteem, social withdrawal.
  • Often shows somatic symptoms (headache, stomach pain) that mirror emotional suffering.
  • At higher risk for long‑term mental‑health issues if not supported early.

The Bully

  • May act out aggressively or impulsively; sometimes masked by confident or high‑achieving surface behavior.
  • Can carry underlying emotional or behavioral needs, including poor self‑regulation or modelling of aggression.
  • Not immune to long‑term risks — antisocial tendencies, relationship problems, or later psychiatric issues.

Parental Attitudes & the Challenge for Teachers

When teachers identify bullying, a family’s reaction can determine whether meaningful interventions occur. Parents of victims may demand change or sometimes normalize bullying as "kids being kids." Parents of bullies can be defensive or in denial, which stalls accountability and therapeutic steps. Teachers, therefore, frequently feel caught between care, limited institutional support, and parental resistance.

How Parents Often React

Parents of the Victim

  • Range from highly empathetic and action‑oriented to minimizing the issue.
  • May experience guilt and urgency for mental‑health support when they recognize the harm.

Parents of the Bully

  • May deny or minimize behaviors, deflect blame, or resist disciplinary or therapeutic recommendations.
  • Sometimes fear reputational harm or labelling of their child, which can shut down cooperation.

Implications for Teachers, Intervention & Mental Health

Understanding these contrasting roles and parental reactions is essential to designing health‑oriented interventions that both protect victims and address the needs of children who bully.

  • Tailored support: Victims need trauma‑informed therapy and resilience skill building; perpetrators need behavioral interventions that teach empathy and self‑regulation.
  • Parent engagement: Psychoeducation workshops can help parents recognize the mental‑health consequences and collaborate with schools.
  • Neutral mediation: Where parents of the bully are defensive, involve neutral mental‑health professionals or mediators to open dialogue.

Actionable, Health‑Centric Solutions for Schools & Teachers

  • Implement trauma‑informed training so teachers can spot signs of distress and suicidal risk.
  • Deploy or partner with mental‑health professionals (counsellors, clinical psychologists) for assessment and follow‑up.
  • Create and enforce a robust anti‑bullying policy with transparent reporting, timely investigation, and clear follow‑up steps.
  • Set up peer support systems: buddy programmed, peer mentors, and student mental‑health ambassadors.
  • Maintain confidential, longitudinal records of bullying incidents and monitor students' wellbeing over time.

Actionable Steps for Parents

  • Attend psychoeducation workshops to understand short‑ and long‑term mental‑health impacts.
  • Be open to professional help (therapy) for your child — whether they’re being harmed or are harming others.
  • Work collaboratively with teachers on an actionable safety and support plan.
  • Encourage healthy emotional expression and strengthen your child’s social support network.

Recommendations for Policymakers & School Administrators

  • Make trained mental‑health staff mandatory in every school and provide dedicated funding.
  • Standardize anti‑bullying protocols and compliance across schools and school boards.
  • Include bullying incident data and mental‑health indicators in routine school reporting to help public‑health surveillance.
  • Launch public awareness campaigns that reframe bullying as a health and safety issue, not only discipline.

Resources & Helplines (India)

  • Tele‑MANAS (24×7): 14416 / 1800‑891‑4416
  • KIRAN Helpline: 91529‑87821
  • Vandrevala Foundation: +91‑99996‑66555
  • AASRA (Suicide Prevention): +91‑22‑27546669
  • iCALL (TISS): 022‑25521111 (Mon–Sat, 10 AM–8 PM)

Conclusion

Bullying is not a trivial part of growing up — it damages mind and body, sometimes with tragic consequences. Teachers are frequently the first to witness this suffering but can feel constrained by resources, policy, or parental pushback. Reframing bullying as a health issue helps us build emotionally safer schools: with training, systems, and empathy, we can break cycles of suffering and promote healing.

References

Selected scientific references and sources that informed this article:

  1. Ouellet‑Morin, I., et al. (2011). "Blunted Cortisol Reactivity and Bullying." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(6):578–585.
  2. Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Lereya, S. T., Shanahan, L., Worthman, C., & Costello, E. J. (2014). "Childhood Bullying Involvement Predicts Low‑Grade Systemic Inflammation into Adulthood." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 111(21):7570–7575. (PMC)
  3. Takizawa, R., et al. (2019). "Bullying the Brain? Longitudinal Links Between Childhood Peer Victimization, Cortisol, and Adolescent Brain Structure." Biological Psychiatry.
  4. Kaess, M., et al. (2018). "Bullying as a Stressor in Mid‑Adolescent Girls and Boys—Associations with Perceived Stress, Recurrent Pain, and Salivary Cortisol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(2):364.
  5. Kivimäki, M., et al. (2015). "Bullying Victimization in Childhood Predicts Inflammation and Obesity at Mid‑Life: A Five‑Decade Birth Cohort Study." Psychological Medicine.
  6. Mehta, M., & Pilania, V. M. (2014). "Aggression in Schools: Psychosocial Outcomes of Bullying Among Indian Adolescents." Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(5):472–477.
  7. International Journal of Bullying Prevention (2023). "Bidirectional Associations Between Bullying Victimization and Likeability Among Indian Adolescents." Springer.

If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call your local emergency number right away.

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